Official sources
- Royal Decree 52/2026 (BOE, 30/01/2026): compulsory registration of VMPs in the Vehicle Register (in Spanish).
- Law 5/2025 (BOE, 25/07/2025): compulsory insurance and minimum cover (in Spanish).
- DGT press release, 27/01/2026: fines for not having insurance or riding without it (in Spanish).
- Royal Decree 518/2026 (BOE): helmet, minimum age and lights from 1/10/2026 (in Spanish).
- VMP Characteristics Manual (BOE): what a VMP is and the rules for non-certified scooters (in Spanish).
- DGT online portal (sede electrónica): VMP registration and the €8.67 fee (in Spanish).



