Law 5/2025: compulsory insurance
for electric scooters in Spain

What is Law 5/2025?

Law 5/2025 on civil liability for personal mobility vehicles extends the compulsory civil liability insurance requirement to all VMPs travelling on public roads in Spain. Until its approval, electric scooters were excluded from the compulsory insurance regime that applies to conventional motor vehicles.

The law was approved in response to the exponential growth of accidents involving VMPs — especially in urban settings — and the increase in uninsured claims. It complements Royal Decree 52/2026, which requires prior DGT registration.

From when is insurance compulsory?

RC insurance for VMPs has been compulsory since Law 5/2025 came into force, in the first half of 2025. However, its practical application became closely linked to the existence of the National Vehicle Register, activated by RD 52/2026 in January 2026.

In practice: since January 2026, riding without DGT registration and without RC insurance constitutes two simultaneous offences with combined fines of between €450 and €1,800.

Minimum cover required

Law 5/2025 sets the following minimum cover limits per claim:

• Personal injury: €6,450,000 per claim (injuries, death or disability of third parties).
• Material damage: €1,300,000 per claim (damage to third-party property).

These are the legal minimums. Insurers may offer higher cover levels, and many policies also include voluntary additional cover (roadside assistance, own damage, theft) that increases the price but is not compulsory.

What does the compulsory insurance cover and what does it not cover?

Covers:

• Physical injury to pedestrians, cyclists or other road users.
• Material damage to vehicles, street furniture or third-party property.
• Medical and rehabilitation expenses for affected third parties.
• Death and permanent disability of third parties.

Does not cover (basic insurance):

• Theft or robbery of the scooter.
• Own damage to the vehicle (falls, impacts, etc.).
• Roadside assistance or towing.
• Injury to the rider/owner of the scooter.

How much does scooter insurance cost?

The price varies depending on the insurer, geographical area and additional cover taken out:

• Scooters up to 25 kg (most of the market): €35–80/year for basic RC.
• Scooters between 25 and 55 kg: €80–150/year.
• Policies with additional cover (theft, own damage, assistance): €100–250/year.

Insurers already offering VMP-specific policies in 2026: AXA, Mapfre, Allianz, Mutua Madrileña, Línea Directa. You can also compare on specialist motorbike and moped insurance portals, where some have added a VMP section.

Prerequisite: DGT registration

This is the correct order:

1. DGT registration → you receive the PDF certificate with the VMP registration number.
2. RC insurance → with the registration number you can request a quote and take out a policy.
3. Identification label → with the PDF certificate, go to an authorised centre to obtain the plate.

Penalties for riding without insurance

Riding a VMP without the compulsory RC insurance is a serious offence under Law 5/2025:

• Fine: €250 to €800.
• If there is an accident without insurance: the owner is personally and unlimitedly liable for all damage caused to third parties. This can amount to tens or hundreds of thousands of euros in cases of serious injury.

Relationship between Law 5/2025 and RD 52/2026

The two regulations are complementary and sequential:

• RD 52/2026 creates the National VMP Register and requires registration.
• Law 5/2025 requires RC insurance, which in turn requires prior registration.

No registration → no insurance → two simultaneous offences. With registration → insurance accessible → fully legal riding.

Based on Law 5/2025 and RD 52/2026. Minimum cover current in 2026. April 2026.